Famine Early Warning Systems Network

Since the start of the season in April, rains have been regular and intense, with above-average rainfall throughout the country as of October 20 (Figure 1). Flooding has occurred in several areas since August, particularly in the north and center. According to technical services and local authorities, these floods have destroyed about 900 ha of crops in Ndélé, 530 ha in Alindao, 1,650 ha in Birao, and over 52 ha in Bamabari. They have also affected the sub-prefecture of Bimbo. According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), floods affected 15,000 people in the country during October. As the monsoon continues and water levels rise in various rivers, other areas – including the capital – could be affected.

Good rainfall and increased NGO and government support for seeds in the relatively calmer areas of the center, south, and southwest should help improve agricultural production. However, in the north, the late return of displaced persons to their communities of origin and the lack of seeds have limited agricultural activities. Added to this are the adverse effects of recent floods. In the northwest and southeast, where armed groups are active, movement restrictions and population displacement could reduce agricultural production locally.

Harvests are starting fairly normally and are the main source of food for most households. They also help increase food availability in local markets. However, in areas affected by floods and violence from armed groups, food purchases in markets and products from hunting, fishing, and gathering are more important sources.

Disruption of activities at the port of Douala, disturbances along the main Bangui-Douala corridor, health checks at the borders, and deteriorating road conditions have led to increased transport costs and delays in supplying markets. Traders’ stocks of imported products (rice, beans, and refined oil) are below average, and they are taking the opportunity to speculate on prices.

In the markets, the prices of local staple products, maize and cassava, show moderate declines from previous months and are stable compared to the same period last year. Sorghum prices, however, remain on the rise, averaging 52 percent higher than last year due to continued low supply on the markets and poor prospects in the northern production areas. For imported products, notably rice and beans, prices are up 44 and 20 percent respectively compared to last year.

Despite the overall above-average production outlook, household income remains below normal and continues to be negatively impacted by armed groups’ looting, the economic slowdown due to COVID-19, and the lack of market areas due to market isolation. This income comes mainly from the sale of agricultural products, small-scale trade, and agricultural and non-agricultural labor. In western areas bordering Cameroon, travel restrictions due to the pandemic prevent producers from taking advantage of higher prices in the neighboring markets of Cameroon. This limits migratory flows and money transfers. In urban centers, the 26-percent decline in employment in trade and income-generating activities, according to the assessment of the Ministry of Planning, is negatively affecting household incomes and purchasing power.

Due to the generally calmer security situation, the number of IDPs, estimated at 641,292 at the end of August by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), fell slightly compared to June. IDP returns were mainly in the prefectures of Bamingui-Bangoran, Vakaga, and Ouham. On the other hand, new displacements have led to increases in the prefectures of Ouham-Pendé and Haut-Mbomou. IDPs still represent at least 20 percent of the population in the prefectures of Basse-Kotto, Haut-Kotto, Mbomou, Haut-Mbomou, and Nana-Gribizi.

With above-average production, self-production will be the main source of food for poor households in the calmer areas of the center, south, and southwest, and will promote Minimal (IPC Phase 1) acute food insecurity in these areas through January. However, between February and May, declining stocks and lower income from the sale of agricultural products will limit household access to food at a time when prices begin their seasonal increase. This decline in food access will cause poor households to be Stressed (IPC Phase 2).

Below-average harvests in the northern prefectures and the negative impacts of flooding will cause poor households in these areas to experience Stressed (IPC Phase 2) acute food insecurity through January. This situation will decline, however, with the early depletion of their stocks. Households will also face a drop in income due to relocation and construction expenses. In these areas far from food supply centers, below-average market supply, and increased household dependency will lead to atypical increases in staple food prices between February and May, and poor households will face Crisis (IPC Phase 3) acute food insecurity.

In areas experiencing violence from armed groups in the northwest and southeast, poor households rely more on food assistance and market purchases due to reduced access to fields and movement restrictions that limit opportunities to access hunting and gathering products. In September, humanitarian actors assisted 9,050 people in the northwest. However, due to insecurity and poor road conditions, assistance is insufficient and erratic.  These areas will face Crisis (IPC Phase 3) acute food insecurity from October to May.